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What is the difference between ASTM e119 and BS 476?
2023/08/14
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ASTM E119 and BS 476 are two different fire testing standards used to assess the fire resistance of building materials, components, and assemblies. While they share a common objective of evaluating how well materials withstand exposure to fire and heat, they are developed by different organizations (ASTM and British Standards Institution, respectively) and may have variations in testing methodologies and criteria. Let's explore the key differences between these two standards:
## ASTM E119:
ASTM E119 is a fire testing standard developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). It is widely recognized in the United States and other regions as a reference for assessing the fire resistance of building elements. ASTM E119 involves subjecting test specimens (such as walls, floors, and columns) to controlled fire conditions in a furnace.
Key features of ASTM E119 include:
1. Fire Exposure: The test subjects the specimens to a specific fire curve, which represents a standardized time-temperature profile of a fire. This curve is intended to mimic the heat output and temperature rise of a real building fire.
2. Temperature and Time: The test measures the time it takes for the test specimen to experience certain temperature increases. The specimen's fire resistance rating is then determined based on its ability to maintain structural integrity and prevent the spread of flames, smoke, and hot gases.
3. Criteria for Failure: Failure can occur due to structural collapse, excessive temperature rise on the unexposed side, or the passage of flames and hot gases through the specimen.
## BS 476:
BS 476 is a series of fire testing standards developed by the British Standards Institution (BSI) to evaluate the fire performance of building materials and structures. The specific part of BS 476 relevant to fire resistance testing is BS 476-20.
Key features of BS 476-20 include:
1. Fire Exposure: Similar to ASTM E119, BS 476-20 subjects specimens to a standardized fire curve that represents the heat output and temperature rise of a typical fire.
2. Temperature and Time: The test measures the time it takes for the specimen to experience certain temperature increases. The criteria for fire resistance are based on structural stability, passage of flames, and transmission of heat through the specimen.
3. Failure Criteria: Failure in BS 476-20 can result from excessive temperature rise on the unexposed side, passage of flames or hot gases, and other factors.
Differences:
While both standards assess fire resistance, there may be differences in terms of specific fire curves, temperature measurement points, and acceptance criteria. These differences are due to variations in testing methodologies, regional standards, and the organizations that developed the standards (ASTM vs. BSI).
It's important to note that fire resistance standards can vary by region, and local building codes may reference specific standards for compliance. Architects, engineers, and builders should consider the relevant standards for their region when designing and constructing buildings to ensure compliance with fire safety regulations.
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