Introduction to Common Knowledge of Material Testing Machines

 

The instrument used to measure the chemical properties of materials, also known as the chemical composition, is generally called an analyzer, not a testing machine. The concept and purpose of a testing machine. A testing machine is a precision testing instrument used to measure the mechanical properties, process performance, internal defects, and dynamic unbalance of rotating components of metallic materials, non-metallic materials, mechanical parts, engineering structures, etc. under various conditions and environments.

 

In the process of researching and exploring new materials, processes, technologies, and structures, testing machines are an indispensable and important testing instrument. Widely used in mechanical, metallurgical, petroleum, chemical, building materials, construction, aerospace, shipbuilding, transportation, and other industrial sectors, as well as related laboratories in colleges and research institutes.

 

It plays an important role in effectively using materials, improving processes, improving product quality, reducing costs, and ensuring product safety and reliability. The testing machine industry mainly produces and manufactures the following eight types of products: 

1. Metal material testing machines; 

2. Non metallic material testing machine; 

3. Force and deformation testing instruments (force sensors, force measuring instruments, displacement sensors, extensometers, accelerometers, etc.); 

4. Packaging and process performance testing machines (including packaging drop testing machines, packaging impact testing machines, friction and wear testing machines, bending testing machines, straightening machines, etc.); 

5. Balance machine (including on-site balance instrument); 

6. Vibration table (including impact table and collision test table); 

7. Non destructive testing instruments (magnetic particle testing machine, X-ray testing machine γ Radiographic testing machines, ultrasonic testing machines, eddy current testing machines, acoustic emission testing machines, etc; 

8. Functional accessories of the testing machine and testing instruments and equipment related to the testing machine.

 

 

1、 What is a testing machine? The testing machine we usually see should actually be called a material testing machine. It is an instrument used to test the mechanical and physical properties of various material components.

 

2、 There are many classification methods for material testing machines, including:

a) According to the types of power sources, there are mainly several types, including electric motors, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, electromagnetic systems, etc;

b) According to the type of indication at the end of the measurement, there are mainly digital displays and pointers;

c) According to the relationship between the load on the sample and time, there are mainly static and fatigue machines.

d) According to control methods, there are mainly open-loop control (manual control) and closed-loop control (automatic control). For closed-loop control types, there are speed control, load control, deformation control, and position control.

e) According to usage, there are mainly general-purpose machines (universal machines) and specialized machines. There are many types of specialized machines, such as cement press, red brick press, wire bending fatigue machine, soft worry machine, electric porcelain bending and twisting machine, horizontal pulling machine, etc., as well as far balancing machine, far three-axis, vibration table, etc.

f) Generally speaking, there are only two types of testing methods and machines: the direction of motion (or force direction), one is tension, and the other is compression. We usually see tension, compression, bending, shearing, peeling, tearing, piercing, and wear, which are important for the specimen.

 

3、 Detection and Control Detection and control are two different concepts, but they are inseparable. Generally speaking, for a specific system, under a specific test condition, it only controls a specific parameter, such as our company's electric pull, which only controls the movement speed of the test bench, and the detection quantity is generally more than one. For example, electric pull generally has detection links such as load, displacement, deformation, etc.

 

4、 Open loop control and closed-loop control

 

5、 Detection and Control Grading Detection Grading: It can improve the sensitivity of measurement and solve the problem of weighing small objects in large management stations. Control grading: used to solve the problem of precise positioning and measurement accuracy.

 

6、 The relationship between range amplification and range grading is two different concepts, but they are also interrelated. Divided amplification refers to a local parameter of the sensor amplifier, while range division refers to a specific characteristic parameter of the testing machine. For users, the latter has practical meaning, while the former does not require user attention.

 

7、 D/A, A/D converter D/A -- Digital conversion quantity A/D -- Analog quantity Black heart digital quantity Digital quantity, for example: a cup of soybeans, you can count how many beans you can use, but the quantity is always 1, 2, 3, 4,... n. Analog quantity: For example, if a cup has multiple noodles, you cannot count how many it has, which means you cannot separate them one by one. Its quantity is continuous.