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The Difference between the 5 Test Conditions of Rotary Color Fastness Tester
2021/07/01
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The rubbing color fastness test is carried out on a rotary rubbing color fastness tester. In terms of rubbing methods, there are three types of rubbing test methods: parallel reciprocating, bridge-crossing and rotating rubbing.
Usually, a standard white cotton cloth for rubbing is fixed on the rubbing head. Under certain pressure, the dyed fabric is subjected to the specified rubbing method, the number of rubbing and the rubbing stroke to complete the test operation. Usually, white rubbing cotton cloth adopts two conditions of dry state and wet state respectively. After the rubbing cloth sample is dried, the degree of staining of the rubbing white cloth is evaluated with a standard stained gray scale under a quasi-light source.
The test methods of the rotary rubbing color fastness tester in various countries are different in the rubbing stroke, speed, rubbing head pressure, size, rubbing cloth moisture content, humidification method, etc., and these differences in the conditions have an impact on the test results.
1.Rubbing stroke
The parallel reciprocating rubbing stroke is generally (104±3) mm or (103±5) mm, which is basically the same; the bridge-crossing type is the Japanese rubbing fastness standard, and the Type II rubbing color fastness tester has a reciprocating stroke of 100mm; Rotary rubbing is fixed above the sample and rotates around the center of the circle, and the contact surface is only the area of the circular rubbing head.
2.Speed and number of rubbing
The reciprocating rubbing is at 60 times/min, that is once per second. Reciprocating 10 times, with a total of 20s of rubbing.
The rotary rubbing is at one revolution per second. Reciprocating 10 times, with a total of 20s of rubbing.
The bridge-crossing rubbing is at 30 times/min, that is, once every 2 seconds. Reciprocating 100 times for a total of 200s.
The Japanese standard has many rubbing times, and the rubbing time is long, which is 10 times longer than that of reciprocating and rotating rubbing. Therefore, its longer rubbing course brings more stringent tests. The same textiles have poor test results using this method.
3.Size and pressure of the rubbing head
(1)For reciprocating rubbing standards, the American standard is AATCC8—2013, the Australian standard is AS2001.4.3—1995, the Canadian standard is CAN/CGSB-4.2NO.22—2004. The diameter of cylindrical rubbing head is (16±0.1)mm, the area is 203.5 square millimeters, and the pressure is 9N. For standards ISO105-X12:2001 and GB/T3920-2008, there are two rubbing heads. One is a square rubbing head with a size of 19mm×25.4mm and an area of 482.6 square millimeters. The other is cylindrical rubbing head with a diameter of (16±0.1)mm and an area of 203.5 square millimeters. Both of their pressure is 9N.
(2)Bridge-crossing rubbing standard: Japanese standard JISL0849:2013 has a special square rubbing head of 20×20mm and a curved surface with a surface radius of 45mm.
(3)Rotary rubbing standard: standard ISO105-X16:2001, American standard AATCC116-2013, Chinese national standard GB/T29865-2013. The rubbing heads of these standards are also cylindrical rubbing heads with a diameter of (16±0.1)mm and an area of 203.5 square millimeters. But the pressure is 11.1N.
4.Sampling direction
The reciprocating rubbing standard and bridge-crossing friction standard are all sampled separately in the latitude and longitude directions except the American AATCC standard which is 30°oblique sampling; the rotary rubbing standard is a small area fixed origin rubbing, which does not need to be cut and sampled.
5.Moisture content
Both reciprocating rubbing and rotary rubbing in the American AATCC standard require that the moisture content of the wet rubbing cloth be 65%.
The ISO standards and Chinese national GB standards all require a moisture content of 95% to 100%. But if the moisture content seriously affects the rating, other moisture content can be used, such as the commonly used moisture content (65±5)%. The Canadian CAN/CGSB standard, the Australian AS standard and the Japanese JIS bridge-cross rubbing standard require a moisture content of 100%.
The higher the moisture content, the greater the wetness of the wet rubbing cloth, and the dye is usually easily hydrolyzed and discolored in the wet state, so the higher the moisture content, the lower the result of wet rubbing color fastness.
For more information, please visit:https://www.qinsun-lab.com/index.html, or email us:info@qinsun-lab.com
Usually, a standard white cotton cloth for rubbing is fixed on the rubbing head. Under certain pressure, the dyed fabric is subjected to the specified rubbing method, the number of rubbing and the rubbing stroke to complete the test operation. Usually, white rubbing cotton cloth adopts two conditions of dry state and wet state respectively. After the rubbing cloth sample is dried, the degree of staining of the rubbing white cloth is evaluated with a standard stained gray scale under a quasi-light source.
The test methods of the rotary rubbing color fastness tester in various countries are different in the rubbing stroke, speed, rubbing head pressure, size, rubbing cloth moisture content, humidification method, etc., and these differences in the conditions have an impact on the test results.
1.Rubbing stroke
The parallel reciprocating rubbing stroke is generally (104±3) mm or (103±5) mm, which is basically the same; the bridge-crossing type is the Japanese rubbing fastness standard, and the Type II rubbing color fastness tester has a reciprocating stroke of 100mm; Rotary rubbing is fixed above the sample and rotates around the center of the circle, and the contact surface is only the area of the circular rubbing head.
2.Speed and number of rubbing
The reciprocating rubbing is at 60 times/min, that is once per second. Reciprocating 10 times, with a total of 20s of rubbing.
The rotary rubbing is at one revolution per second. Reciprocating 10 times, with a total of 20s of rubbing.
The bridge-crossing rubbing is at 30 times/min, that is, once every 2 seconds. Reciprocating 100 times for a total of 200s.
The Japanese standard has many rubbing times, and the rubbing time is long, which is 10 times longer than that of reciprocating and rotating rubbing. Therefore, its longer rubbing course brings more stringent tests. The same textiles have poor test results using this method.
3.Size and pressure of the rubbing head
(1)For reciprocating rubbing standards, the American standard is AATCC8—2013, the Australian standard is AS2001.4.3—1995, the Canadian standard is CAN/CGSB-4.2NO.22—2004. The diameter of cylindrical rubbing head is (16±0.1)mm, the area is 203.5 square millimeters, and the pressure is 9N. For standards ISO105-X12:2001 and GB/T3920-2008, there are two rubbing heads. One is a square rubbing head with a size of 19mm×25.4mm and an area of 482.6 square millimeters. The other is cylindrical rubbing head with a diameter of (16±0.1)mm and an area of 203.5 square millimeters. Both of their pressure is 9N.
(2)Bridge-crossing rubbing standard: Japanese standard JISL0849:2013 has a special square rubbing head of 20×20mm and a curved surface with a surface radius of 45mm.
(3)Rotary rubbing standard: standard ISO105-X16:2001, American standard AATCC116-2013, Chinese national standard GB/T29865-2013. The rubbing heads of these standards are also cylindrical rubbing heads with a diameter of (16±0.1)mm and an area of 203.5 square millimeters. But the pressure is 11.1N.
4.Sampling direction
The reciprocating rubbing standard and bridge-crossing friction standard are all sampled separately in the latitude and longitude directions except the American AATCC standard which is 30°oblique sampling; the rotary rubbing standard is a small area fixed origin rubbing, which does not need to be cut and sampled.
5.Moisture content
Both reciprocating rubbing and rotary rubbing in the American AATCC standard require that the moisture content of the wet rubbing cloth be 65%.
The ISO standards and Chinese national GB standards all require a moisture content of 95% to 100%. But if the moisture content seriously affects the rating, other moisture content can be used, such as the commonly used moisture content (65±5)%. The Canadian CAN/CGSB standard, the Australian AS standard and the Japanese JIS bridge-cross rubbing standard require a moisture content of 100%.
The higher the moisture content, the greater the wetness of the wet rubbing cloth, and the dye is usually easily hydrolyzed and discolored in the wet state, so the higher the moisture content, the lower the result of wet rubbing color fastness.
For more information, please visit:https://www.qinsun-lab.com/index.html, or email us:info@qinsun-lab.com
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